Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics musculoskeletal key. The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom of motion, which can be. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama. This chapter analyses the clinical functional anatomy and biomechanics of shoulder structures, with some insight regarding their pathologic changes associated with shoulder instability in the athlete. Further elevation of the arm above the head accomplished by. At about 120 of abduction of the arm, the greater tuberosity of the humerus comes into contact with the acromion. Biomechanics of the shoulder and elbow sciencedirect. A force couple is defined as two equal but oppositely directed forces acting simultaneously on opposite sides of an axis that generates rotation. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder journal of hand therapy. A comprehensive study of shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and knowledge of the benefits of exercise, may help clinicians and healthcare practitioners determine the most appropriate treatment. Carmichael, phdt the terminology of engineering has made bio mechanics unnecessarily confusing and intimidat ing to many clinicians.
Biomechanics of shoulder complex linkedin slideshare. Box 850, hershey, pa 170330850, usa a sound understanding of elbow anatomy and. This section will cover the anatomy of the shoulders and touch on the anatomy of the arms which we will cover more in depth in the anatomy of the arms and hands section as they are so dependently interconnected. An understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder is essential for clinicians who treat spinal disorders, as well as for other orthopedic practitioners. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics 12212018. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral. Clinical anatomy the application of anatomy to clinical practice kinematics describes the motion of objects without consideration of the causes leading to the motion biomechanics the application of mechanical principles to living organisms. Introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints.
The anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are the subjects of this article. The human body may be viewed as a machine formed of many different parts that allow motion. The shoulder anatomical and biomechanics aspects palestrica. Furthermore, external rotation of the shoulder is altered with rotator interval pathology. The top of the humerus is shaped like a ball and it sits in a socket on the end of the scapula. Biomechanical summary of reverse shoulder arthroplasty. She teaches how you can be more effective in the execution of the exercises as well as teaching clients with injuries and injury prevention. Chapter 1 clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint including stabilizers thay q. In mechanics, a couple is a system of forces that results in a moment without a resultant force and creates a. Appreciating and understanding the anatomy and functional biomechanics of the shoulder joint we are excited to announce that gray institute will be available as an online self study or live format in.
The shoulder complex involves 3 physiological joints and one floating joint. Apr 14, 2014 rehabilitation for total shoulder replacement part i. Bony anatomy, including the humerus, scapula, and clavicle, is described, along with the associated articulations, providing the clinician with the structural foundation for understanding how the static ligamentous and dynamic muscle forces exert their effects. Movements of the human shoulder represent the result of a complex dynamic interplay of structural bony anatomy and biomechanics, static ligamentous and tendinous restraints, and dynamic muscle forces. Shoulder biomechanics with karen clippinger workshop 3544. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 85,835 views.
The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom of motion, which can be described by three rotations and three translations with respect to the anatomic coordinate system. These motions occur at the many joints formed by the speci. Dont wait until later to see if your treatment affected the. Pedowitz md, phd key points the shoulder complex is composed of three bonesthe clavicle, the scapula, and the humerusas well as four articulationsthe acromioclavicular ac, the sternoclavicular sc, the scapulothoracic, and the glenohumeral gh joints.
The biomechanics of the shoulder is how the shoulder moves, as. Basic anatomy and biomechanics by wayne spratford understanding the structure of the human body and how the body moves is important for coaches who are seeking to improve and develop their coaching. Hershey medical center, h089, 500 university drive, p. Introduction shoulder joint gh joint has more mobility than stability. Helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula 16. Because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. Lennard funk the shoulder is potentially one of the most unstable joints of the body, with very little bony stability or containment and has been likened to a golf ball on a golf tee.
The shoulder joint is unique, as multiplanar mobility of the joint is dominant over static stability. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder request pdf. The major ity of the discussion involves the specific areas where the motion. Frankel and burnsteins4 classic text on orthopedic biomechanics was so difficult to understand that it was not fully appre ciated.
Shoulder pain the synovial membrane, capsule, and ligaments of the shoulder joint are innervated by the axillary nerve and the suprascapular nerve. This generous amount of mobility can lead to a multitude of intrinsic ailments about the shoulder and, in fact, a majority of shoulder problems stem from this relative lack of bony stability. The humerus is a long bone that forms the articulations of the glenohumeral joint proximally with the scapula, and the humeral ulnar joint and humeral radial joint. At the end of the course the student will be able to. Mar 30, 2016 the shoulder consists of two force couples. A comprehensive understanding of shoulder and elbow biomechanics is essential to plan and treat upper limb conditions. Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulderjoint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus. Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics physical medicine. The rotator interval contains multiple static stabilizers of the shoulder, and its integrity is important for anterior and inferior stability of the shoulder, especially when the shoulder is adducted. Please read the section on basic shoulder anatomy before reading this section. The biomechanics of the shoulder is how the shoulder moves, as well as the scientific study of this movement. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain. Join karen clippinger in her workshop that brings scientific information about anatomy and shoulder biomechanics and makes it practical and usable when you are teaching. Many conditions affect the bony and soft tissue structures of the upper limb.
It is important to reevaluate functional mechanics before and after each treatment intervention. Anterior a and posterior b views of the shoulder identifying the various bones and joints and the sites of pathologic processes that produce pain and tenderness. Shoulder biomechanics lecture originally developed by bryan morrison, ph. T he joints of the shoulder com plex have to rely on adjacent ligam ents and m uscles to provide stability. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint implant surgery. Halder, md, phd, eijii itoi, md, phd, and kainan an, phd. Biomechanics of the shoulder complex look at how the entire shoulder complex moves and start to get a feel for where the restrictions are and where they compensate. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint. Although the bony anatomy and articulation of the glenohumeral joint are important for stability, the addition of the glenoid labrum as well as static and dynamic stabilizers to the shoulder biomechanics contribute to a complex interaction to produce stability through the. Want to understand how you can assess the reason why their knees buckle.
Biomechanics of the shoulder girdle audio and pdf yoga. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Only sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. T he shoulder com plex has the greatest m o bility of all joints. Glenohumeral ligaments static ligamentous restraints in different arm positions. It is a ball and socket modified ovoid joint and it is the most mobile joint in the body. Although there is some controversy and speculation among those. It discusses bones, ligaments, muscles and other structures that make up. To facilitate the treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder injuries, this chapter delves into the biomechanics of the baseball throw, including the different phases of throwing, the most common causes of injury, and the tissues involved. The shoulder is an intricate multidimensional joint complex consisting of four separate connection points of bones responsible for the movement of the hand, arm and shoulder. The biomechanics of current reverse shoulder replacement. The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. The shoulder area is infamously known to be one of the most complex regions of the body to evaluate and rehabilitate.
Basic shoulder biomechanics there are three joints in the shoulder complex. For every 3 of abduction of the arm, a 2 abduction occurs in the shoulder joint and a 1 abduction occurs by rotation of the scapula. Two, the shoulder girdles comparative anatomy permits a better under modified for swimming have also. The lever is one of the simplest of all mechanical devices that can be called a machine. Mar 31, 2020 the shoulder is an intricate multidimensional joint complex consisting of four separate connection points of bones responsible for the movement of the hand, arm and shoulder. In order to better understand the biomechanics of the shoulder it is important to understand its anatomy. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are dealt with first. Pdf on jan 1, 20, deepak patkar and others published anatomy and biomechanics of shoulder joint find, read and cite all the research you. Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is prudent to refer to the area as the shoulder complex.
This puts greater demands on the muscles for securing the shoulder girdle. The glenohumeral joint provides the largest range of motion among all diarthrodial joints but also has the greatest propensity for instability. Functional anatomy of the shoulder pubmed central pmc. While coaches do not need to become experts on anatomy and biomechanics, developing an understanding of the principles. Are you planning to share a course with someone else who already. Gray institute video library biomechanics shoulder. Armstrong, bscpt, md, msc, frcsc department of orthopaedics and rehabilitation, penn state college of medicine, penn state milton s. Sep 25, 2015 shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations.
There is a fine balance between the mobility to perform athletic activities and stability required to power and stabilise the arm. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. O n one hand, this m obility is because of little bony congruity of its artic ulating surfaces. To instruct the student, through selfpaced study, of the anatomy and basic biomechanics of the human shoulder. Anterior towards or at the front of the body the ribs are anterior to the shoulder blade posterior towards or at the back of the body the spine is posterior to the ribs medial towards or at the midline of the body. Wish you knew why their shoulders just wont allow them to press overhead. Biomechanics and assessment of the painful shoulder. Shoulder instability biomechanics shoulderdoc by prof. Injury to 1 or more of these components through overuse or acute trauma disrupts this complex. Shoulder biomechanics and exercises medbridge blog. Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics flashcards quizlet. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. But as with all anatomy, an area of misalignment can affect multiple areas. Since the introduction of reverse shoulder arthroplasty rsa over 40 years ago, many prosthesis designs have endeavored to improve shoulder pain and function in patients with challenging conditions such as massive rotator cuff tears, cuff tear arthropathy, proximal humerus fractures, and inflammatory arthropathy.
Static stabilizers include the bony anatomy, negative intraarticular pressure, the glenoid labrum, and the glenohumeral ligaments along with the joint capsule. We examine human shoulder movement by breaking it down into its structural static and dynamic components. The biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint depend on the interaction of both static and dynamicstabilizing structures. A comprehensive understanding of shoulder and elbow biomechanics. To effectively rehabilitate a shoulder injury in clinical practice, it is important to have a functional knowledge of the underlying biomechanics of the. Shoulder complex anatomy osseous elements the shoulder complex includes the articulations of the humerus, the clavicle, the scapula, and the posterior surface of the ribs. Mccamman, bs, mpt do you already have access to the reading materials and only need the testing materials. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics. By improving the biomechanics of the shoulder, we can reinforce good habits that will. The biomechanics of current reverse shoulder replacement options.
Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics of the rotator interval. This often results in reduced movement and function, necessitating replacement or restoration of normal anatomy. Order this product and it will be available to you immediately after purchase for electronic download in the my downloads section of your account after you have logged in. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Joint anatomy and basic biomechanics outline 3 from.
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